IMPORTANT DATES
28 October 1918 - Declaration of Czechoslovakia as a sovereign state
March 1919 - Minister of Finance Alois Rašín's Monetary Reform
April 1919 - The Land Reform
February 1920 - The Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic was passed
April 1920 - the first Parliamentary election
1918 - 1935 - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was the Presiden
1926 - 1929 - Economic Boom (= prosperity)
1929 - 1933 - The Great Depression
30 January 1933 - Adolf Hitler seized power in Germany (which led to "the Night of the Long Knives" = the assassination of "out-of-line" members of the Nazi Party; the introduction of nationwide military service ; passing anti-Semitic laws in Nuremberg; the Army's entry into the previously demilitarized Rhineland ; mass-killing of Jews, etc..)
October 1935 - the Italian invasion of Ethiopia
December 1935 - Edvard Beneš became President
July 1936 - the beginning of the Civil War in Spain
March 1938 - the annexation of Austria
April 1938 - the Sudetendeutche Party raised their requirements
21 May 1938 - partial mobilisation in the ČSR
23 September 1938 - general mobilisation
29 - 30 September 1938 - the conference of four powers in Munich - the Munich Agreement
30 September 1938 - the Munich Dictate was accepted
November 1938 - Constitutional Acts on the autonomy of Slovakia and Carpathian Russia
- Emil Hácha elected President
14 March 1939 - the Slovak Declaration of Independence
15 March 1939 - the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia followed by the constitution of The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (16.3.)
March 1939 - Národní souručenství (the only officially permitted political party) was established
April 1939 - the organization of Czechoslovak military troops in Poland
June 1939 - measures were taken with the aim to Aryanize Jewish property and to implement the Nuremberg Laws in the Protectorate
August 1939 - the famous national procession near Domažlice
August 1939 - the Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union was signed
1 September 1939 - the German invasion of Poland and the beginning of World War II as the reaction of Britain and France was the declaration of war on Germany. Soviet troops penetrated the territory of Poland.
September 1939 - the introduction of the food-card system
- the boycott of Prague tram transport in protest against yielding up to the Munich Agreement one year earlier
November 1939 - student persecution followed by the closedown of Czech universities
November - December 1939 - France and Britain recognized the Československý národní výbor (Czechoslovak National Committee) as the representative organ of Czechs and Slovaks abroad
April 1940 - German invasion of Scandinavia
May 1940 - German western offensive
May 1940 - the foundation of the ÚVOD (Ústředního vedení odboje domácího - Central Leading Organisation for Domestic Resistance)
June 1940 - France capitulated
August 1940 - Czechoslovak pilots started to operate in the Battle of England
August - October 1940 - the Battle of England in the air
April 1941 - the German-Italian occupation of Yugoslavia and Greece
22 June 1941 - Operation Barbarossa ( Germany invaded the USSR)
July 1941 - Great Britain recognized the Czechoslovak Interim Government and other state structures in emigration
- the official recognition of the Czechoslovak Government in London and the signature of Czechoslovak-Soviet military cooperation agreement
September 1941 - Reinhard Heydrich appointed the Reichsprotektor
October 1941 - the transportation of Jews to death camps began
October - December 1941 - Czechoslovak soldiers take part in the fights at Tobruk
7 December 1941 - Japan attacked the US naval base in Pearl Harbor
January 1942 - 26 states signed the Declaration of the United Nations
27 January 1942 - the assassination of the Reichsprotektor R. Heydricha
June 1942 - the villages of Lidice and Ležáky were burnt
August 1942 - Great Britain retracted the signature under the Munich Agreement
October 1942 - the defeat of German and Italian troops in North Africa
February 1942 - the capitulation of Germans at Stalingrad
January 1943 - the 1 st Czechoslovak Autonomous Battalion started to fight at the front
July - August 1943 - the defeat of Germans at Kursk
July 1943 - Allied troops landed in Sicily
November - December 1943 - three superpowers conferred in Teheran
December 1943 - the conclusion of the Czechoslovak-Soviet treaty of alliance
6 June 1944 - the Allies landed in Normandy thus opening the second front
August 1944 - the uprisings in Warsaw and Paris
29 August 1944 - the beginning of the Slovak National Uprising
December 1944 - German offensive at Ardennes: the last attempt at reversing the course of events in the western sector
February 1945 - The Yalta Conference of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin
April 1945 - the establishing conference of the UN in San Francisco
April 1945 - American 3 rd Army crossed the western border of the ČSR
1 May 1945 - the onset of uprisings in Bohemian and Moravian towns
5 May 1945 - the Prague Uprising began
7 May 1945 - Germany signed their unconditional capitulation in Reims
8 May 1945 - the official end of WWII in Europe
8 May 1945 - the Czech National Council and the German Command made an agreement that the German garrison in Prague would surrender
9 May 1945 - last fighting in Prague streets
10 May 1945 - the Government led by Prime Minister Fierlinger arrived at the airport in Kbely u Prahy
16 May 1945 - Czechoslovak President Beneš returned to Prague
May - June 1945 - The President issued Decrees imposing national administration over the property of Germans, Hungarians, traitors and German collaborators, administering punishment to the Nazi criminals and their collaborators and establishing extraordinary courts
- the main period of "wild resettlements" of the German population
July - August 1945 - the Potsdam Conference
2 August 1945 - the Potsdam Agreement on resettling Germans from Czechoslovakia and Poland
6 August 1945 - an American atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima
2. September 1945 - Japan signed their unconditional surrender
October 1945 - a Decree nationalizing banks, insurance companies and key industries was issued
- the Interim National Assembly was established
November 1945 - Monetary Reform
1945 - 1947 - UNRRA's shipments of supplies to the ČSR
November 1945 - October 1946 - the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals
February 1946 - the Czechoslovak-Hungarian agreement on population exchange
March 1946 - Churchill's speech at Fulton
May 1946 - the election for the Constituent National Assembly of the ČSR
July 1946 - a new Government of the National Front headed by Klement Gottwald was appointed
October 1947 - the Bill on "millionaire levy" was passed
1947 - the signature of peace pacts with Bulgaria, Romania, Finland, Italy and Hungary
March 1947 - the announcement of the Truman Doctrine
July 1947 - the set-up of the Marshall Plan
September 1947 - the Information Bureau of Communist Parties was created
25 February 1948 - President Beneš accepted the resignation of 12 non-Communist Ministers and a new Government was appointed = the Communist putsch in Czechoslovakia
June 1948 - the Berlin crisis
May 1949 - the Russian blockade of Berlin was terminated
- the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany was approved by the western powers
7 September 1949 - the Federal Republic of Germany was declared
7 October 1949 - the German Democratic Republic was declared
